Even if you’re not familiar with all of the intricacies of depression, you probably have a general idea of what it is, as well as some of the most common signs and symptoms and even some of the common causes or factors of it.
Someone who is struggling with depression may appear sad, have heightened emotional sensitivity, or fatigued. They might struggle to concentrate on daily tasks or lose interest in activities once cherished.
Depression can also prompt changes in eating and sleeping patterns, leading to self-isolation and withdrawal from social interactions and previously enjoyed activities. These represent just a few of the fundamental emotional and physical indicators of depression. However, the impact of depression extends beyond external manifestations; it also affects the internal workings of the brain.
Let’s learn more about how depression can affect the brain…
Brain Shrinkage
Studies indicate that certain brain areas undergo size changes during depression, experiencing a reduction in gray matter volume (GMV) or brain cell tissue. This shrinkage is linked to elevated cortisol levels released in response to stress, hindering or halting the growth of neurons. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are particularly affected, along with other regions like the caudate nucleus, insula, and thalamus.
Brain Inflammation
In addition to shrinkage, depression can lead to brain inflammation or enlargement in specific areas. Increased levels of translocator proteins in the brain during depression contribute to inflammation. Elevated cortisol levels causing brain shrinkage can also enlarge the amygdala, responsible for emotions. Research suggests a correlation between the severity of depression and higher gray matter volume.
Reduced Oxygen Levels
Depression can result in reduced oxygen levels (hypoxia) in the brain, akin to the detrimental effects of inadequate oxygen in the lungs. This shortage can induce changes, injury, or cell death in the brain.
Consequences on Brain Function
Malfunctioning due to these changes may manifest in various ways, including anxiety, appetite alterations, speech pattern changes, impaired cognitive clarity, guilt, hopelessness, hyperreactivity, hypersensitivity, lack of motivation, memory loss, negative emotions, overreaction, and sleep disturbances.
Can the Brain Heal from Depression?
Depression is a common but serious mental health condition. If you or a loved one are showing any signs or symptoms of depression, especially for a period of two weeks or longer, it’s important to seek help as soon as possible.
The longer you let these signs and symptoms linger without help, worsening and additional signs and symptoms can occur. Despite your depression making you feel alone, help is available to you. We’re here to give you the help you need and deserve when you’re ready. You can click here for more information on depression therapy.
Please call or text us at (949) 245-7442 or book an appointment online or enter your information below in the Contact Us Now form below. We’re looking forward to working with you.